A wrap-up of posts published on Maven’s Notebook this week …
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In California water news this week …
Atmospheric river-fueled storm unleashes fury across Northern California
“The fire hose pointed at Northern California remained on full blast Thursday, dousing communities already hit by record-setting rainfall and spurring official warnings of imminent flood damage and even death. After nearly 40 hours, the atmospheric river that first hit California on Wednesday remained stalled over the North Bay and areas toward the Oregon border, inundating residents with inches of rain and feet of snow. Santa Rosa recorded its second-wettest day in 120 years Thursday, with nearly 7 inches of rain in a 24-hour period, while Ukiah (Mendocino County) and Red Bluff (Tehama County) also broke records with more than 3 inches of rain. By Thursday afternoon, Sonoma County Airport had recorded nearly 10 inches of rain from the storm while Venado, an unincorporated part of the county near Healdsburg, saw nearly 16 inches. … ” Read more from the San Francisco Chronicle.
California bomb cyclone brings record rain, major mudslide risk
“An atmospheric river dumping rain across Northern California and several feet of snow in the Sierra was making its way across the state Friday, bringing flooding and threatening mudslides along with it. The storm, the first big one of the season, moved over California as a bomb cyclone, a description of how it rapidly intensified before making its way onshore. On Thursday, rain poured across the northern edge of the state, slowly moving south. It rained 3.66 inches in Ukiah on Thursday, breaking the record for the city set in 1977 by a half-inch. Santa Rosa Airport saw 4.93 inches of rain on Thursday, shattering the daily record set in 2001 of 0.93 inches. … ” Read more from the LA Times.
Metropolitan considers spending $141 million on Delta tunnel project
“The powerful board of Southern California’s largest urban water supplier will soon vote on whether to continue funding a large share of preliminary planning work for the state’s proposed water tunnel in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta. The 38-member board of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California is set to consider approving $141.6 million for planning and preconstruction costs at its Dec. 10 meeting. Gov. Gavin Newsom and his administration have requested additional financial support from suppliers that would eventually receive water from the project, and the MWD is being asked to cover its share of nearly half the initial costs. The district, which provides drinking water for about 19 million people in Southern California, has spent $160.8 million supporting the project since 2020, and is expected to help foot the bill as requested by the state. … ” Read more from the LA Times. | Read via Yahoo News.
Water agencies across California vote affirmatively to support the Delta Conveyance Project; protect critical water supply against climate change
“Water agencies from across California are voting to invest in the Delta Conveyance Project, reaffirming the importance of modernizing California’s water infrastructure to ensure a reliable and safe water supply that can withstand the devastating effects of climate change. Recent reports show that California is expected to lose 10% of its water supply due to hotter and drier conditions, threatening the water supply for 27 million Californians. Here’s what local water agency and district leaders said about this crucial vote for improving the region’s water security: “This is one of the most important water infrastructure projects we will see in our lifetime,” EMWD Board President Phil Paule said. “As one of California’s leading water agencies, EMWD is fully supportive of the DCP, which will provide a more secure water supply future for our region and our state.” … ” Continue reading this press release from Californians for Water Security.
Three CA water agencies vote in favor of Delta Tunnel as a broad coalition opposes it
Governor Gavin Newsom today celebrated the votes over the past week by three water agencies of the next phase of funding for the Delta Conveyance Project, while a diverse coalition of opponents blasted the project as a massive and expensive boondoggle that would hasten the extinction of Central Valley salmon, Delta smelt and other fish species and cause enormous harm to Delta and Tribal communities. The Alameda County Water District, Desert Water Agency, and Palmdale Water District all voted in favor of supporting the Delta Tunnel, according to the Governor’s Office. These follow other water agencies throughout the state that have also voted in favor of moving the next phase of the project forward. … The project is opposed by a big coalition of Tribes, fishing groups, conservation organizations, Delta residents, Delta counties and water districts, scientists and water ratepayers. Opponents say the tunnel, by diverting Sacramento River water before it reaches the Delta, will drive already imperiled Delta smelt, longfin smelt, Sacramento winter-run and spring-run Chinook salmon, Central Valley steelhead, green sturgeon and other fish species to extinction and have a devastating impact on Tribal, fishing, farming and environmental justice communities. … ” Read more from the Daily Kos.
NOTICE of public hearing and procedural ruling for the Delta Conveyance Project
“The State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board or Board) Administrative Hearings Office (AHO) will hold a public hearing about the Delta Conveyance Project (DCP). The hearing will address the water right change petitions filed by the Department of Water Resources (DWR or Petitioner) which propose to add two new points of diversion (PODs) and rediversion (PORDs) to water right Permits 16478, 16479, 16481, and 16482 (Applications 5630, 14443, 14445A, and 17512, respectively) (SWP Permits). The purpose of the hearing is to gather evidence that the State Water Board will consider to determine whether to approve the petitions and, if so, what specific terms and conditions the Board should include in the amended SWP Permits. The hearing will begin on February 18, 2025, with the presentation of oral policy statements by interested persons or entities and discussion of outstanding procedural issues. The hearing will continue on March 25, 2025, with presentation by the Petitioner of case-in-chief testimony. The AHO will conduct a third pre-hearing conference on December 16, 2024. … ” Read the full ruling here.
The economic and environmental imperatives of Delta levees
“Flood risk is one of the most pressing threats to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The Delta’s 1,100 miles of levees protect highly productive agriculture, recreational assets, habitats for sensitive species, utility and road infrastructure, freshwater for export, and navigation. However, Delta levees are becoming more vulnerable in the face of sea level rise, extreme weather events, burrowing animals, and subsiding islands, as well as shifting priorities and funding gaps. A panel discussion at the Delta Stewardship Council’s October meeting highlighted the need for ongoing levee maintenance and the economic challenges of maintaining levees. “The coequal goals are built on a foundation of levees,” said Erin Mullin, Senior Engineer with the Delta Stewardship Council. “Without levees, we do not have a reliable water supply and our ecosystem would be changed in a way that I don’t think that any of us can even imagine.” … ” Read more from Maven’s Notebook.
Record numbers of salmon return to Mokelumne River, while low numbers show on upper Sacramento
“The Mokelumne River is hosting a record number of fall-run Chinook salmon this year, while the Upper Sacramento River is seeing a shockingly low return of fish. A total of 29,912 fall-run Chinook salmon have moved past the Woodbridge Diversion Dam on the Mokelumne River as of November 13, 2024, according to Michelle Workman, the East Bay Municipal Utility District’s Fisheries and Wildlife Manager. This will be an all-time record for fall Chinook spawning escapement on the river, a tributary of the San Joaquin River. … On the other hand, the salmon run on the Upper Sacramento River is alarmingly low this year. The Coleman National Fish Hatchery, located on Battle Creek, a Sacramento tributary, supplies the majority of fish for the upper section of river below Redding. “As a result of our low run of fall Chinook salmon this year, we have partnered with California Department of Fish and Wildlife to transfer eggs to Coleman from state hatcheries in the Central Valley,” the Coleman National Fish Hatchery reported on their Facebook Page. … ” Read more from Dan Bacher at the Daily Kos.
Groundwater pumping drives rapid sinking in San Joaquin Valley
“A new study shows land in California’s San Joaquin Valley has been sinking at record-breaking rates over the last two decades as groundwater extraction has outpaced natural recharge. The researchers found that the average rate of sinking for the entire valley reached nearly an inch per year between 2006 and 2022. Researchers and water managers have known that sinking, technically termed “subsidence,” was occurring over the past 20 years. But the true impact was not fully appreciated because the total subsidence had not been quantified. This was in part due to a gap in data. Satellite radar systems, which provide the most precise measure of elevation changes, did not consistently monitor the San Joaquin Valley between 2011 and 2015. The Stanford researchers have now estimated how much the land sank during these four years. “Our study is the first attempt to really quantify the full Valley-scale extent of subsidence over the last two decades,” said senior study author Rosemary Knight, a professor of geophysics in the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. “With these findings, we can look at the big picture of mitigating this record-breaking subsidence.” … ” Read more from Stanford News.
California on track to meet short-term goal for recycled water; longer-term goals more elusive
“Wastewater agencies are playing a crucial role in shaping a sustainable water future by increasingly reusing highly treated water. Since the 1980s, the use of recycled water in California has nearly tripled, highlighting its growing importance in addressing the water needs of an expanding population. Governor Newsom’s August 2022 Water Supply Strategy sets ambitious targets for the recycling of water, aiming to recycle at least 800,000 acre-feet per year by 2030 and 1.8 million acre-feet by 2040. This vision primarily involves redirecting wastewater that would otherwise be discharged into oceans. The November 6 State Water Resources Control Board meeting included a presentation of the numbers for recycled water production and use for 2023 and the progress the state has made towards achieving the ambitous goals. Rebecca Greenwood, an engineering geologist with the Recycled Water unit in the Division of Water Quality, provided the update. … ” Read more from Maven’s Notebook.
Empowering CA’s water future: The collaborative efforts of the California Water Data Consortium
“Water is vital to California. Access to water and ecosystem information helps communities plan for the increasing demands caused by climate change, population growth, and other factors. This data assists in identifying areas and populations most at risk from drought, flooding, and water quality issues. To effectively manage California’s water resources amid significant changes, everyone – from the public to Tribes to local, state, and federal representatives – needs to have shared access to reliable, timely, and credible water and ecosystem data. So in 2016, the California Legislature passed the Open and Transparent Water Data Act, authored by Senator Dodd, which required state agencies to make water and ecosystem data available for widespread use. The California Water Data Consortium (Consortium), established in 2019, is dedicated to supporting the implementation of the Act by state agencies. Its primary objective is to serve as a credible and trusted leader in open water data access and use in California. The Consortium recently hosted an online town hall in October to provide updates on ongoing projects and discuss the latest developments in water data management. … ” Read more from Maven’s Notebook.
Mysterious chemical byproduct in U.S. tap water finally identified
“A mysterious byproduct of a chemical used to disinfect the tap water of about one-third of Americans has finally been identified, and the international research team behind the discovery is advocating rapid assessment of its potential toxicity. The research, reported Thursday in the journal Science, does not claim that tap water containing the byproduct is unsafe to drink or that the finding represents any kind of emergency. All water, including bottled water, contains contaminants. But the discovery of a new and previously unknown chemical, called chloronitramide anion, could have implications for municipal water systems that use a class of chlorine-based disinfectants called chloramines. For decades these disinfectants, derived from the mixture of chlorine and ammonia, have been added to many municipal water supplies to kill bacteria and prevent waterborne illnesses. … ” Read more from the Washington Post.
California limits on ‘forever chemicals’ PFAS in products are effective, study says
“California’s nation-leading restrictions on toxic chemicals in consumer products reduced the population’s body levels for many dangerous compounds linked to cancer, birth defects, reproductive harm and other serious health issues. New peer-reviewed research showed levels in residents’ blood for 37 chemicals the authors analyzed had declined after the substances were designated under Proposition 65, which regulates toxic chemicals in consumer goods. Among levels that fell were highly toxic PFAS “forever chemicals”, flame retardants, diesel chemicals, phthalates and bisphenol. The findings come as the federal government faces mounting criticism for not doing enough to rein in toxic chemicals in consumer goods, and the paper’s authors say their findings suggest regulations work. … ” Read more from The Guardian.
Dentists express concerns about possibility of fluoride-free water
“President-elect Donald Trump’s incoming administration could try to remove fluoride from drinking water, according to Robert F. Kennedy Jr. Kennedy, who has been tapped to lead the Department of Health and Human Services, called fluoride an “industrial waste” and linked it to cancer and other diseases and disorders while campaigning for Trump. Fluoride, a mineral that helps strengthen teeth and reduces cavities, has been added to United States drinking water in some areas since 1945, but the decision to add fluoride is made at the local level. The federal government cannot decide on water fluoridation but can make recommendations for or against its use and in what concentration. Around 70% of the U.S. population has access to fluoridated tap water. … ” Read more from KQED.
Scientists issue warning after research shows concerning impact of common drug disposal method: ‘Should be taken as a warning’
“Flushing pharmaceuticals down the toilet might seem like a quick and easy way to dispose of them, but it actually poses a significant danger to marine wildlife. Animal Ecology revealed that waterways contaminated with the common antidepressant Prozac have affected fish bodies and behaviors “in ways that could threaten their long-term survival.” Dr. Upama Aich from Monash University, the study’s co-lead author, said thousands of chemicals were “being dumped into our waterways every day.” The study determined that low concentrations of fluoxetine, the drug used in Prozac, “reduced the body condition and sperm vitality of male guppies over multiple generations.” Researchers caught and observed 3,600 wild guppies that were exposed to different concentrations of fluoxetine over five years. Aich said low exposure overwhelmingly reduced the body condition of males in the population, “which is really important, not only for mating, but also for fighting with other males, and their overall survival.” … ” Read more from The Cool Down.
The ‘Love Boat’ faces a tragic ending in a lonely California slough
“Under a nearly full moon at the end of May, a 70-year-old cruise ship with a wild and enigmatic history sunk in a lonely back channel in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. In the months since, the recriminations and finger-pointing have risen like an angry tide. The sad end of the MS Aurora is a familiar story in the Delta’s marshy sloughs. Boats of all kinds routinely get dumped here like so much trash. Battered by time and weather, they seep oil and other hazards, infuriating local officials and jeopardizing wildlife and the tens of millions of people who rely on Delta water for drinking and agriculture. But the Aurora is no ordinary boat. She was a German liner, then a cruise ship plying the Grecian isles and the West Coast of North America, then an unsanctioned floating homeless shelter and drug den, turning up as a vessel non grata in several of California’s big cities. And, of course, she was a Hollywood star. She appeared in the James Bond movie “From Russia With Love,” and was part of the real-life inspiration for the TV show “The Love Boat.” … ” Read more from the LA Times.
Wildfire retardant is laden with toxic metals, USC study finds
“It’s a scene that’s become routine with big blazes in the West. A plane dips low over a smoldering ridgetop and unleashes a ribbon of fire retardant, coating the hillside a bright pink. Onlookers cheer the display of firefighting prowess. The U.S. Forest Service and other agencies each year drop tens of millions of gallons of fire retardant, mostly an ammonium phosphate-based slurry called Phos-Chek, around wildfires to coat vegetation and slow the spread of flames. But a new study by researchers at USC has found that a popular variety is laden with toxic metals, and estimates retardant use has released 850,000 pounds of these chemicals into the environment since 2009. The results suggest the ecological consequences of retardant use merit further study, and that finding a cleaner product is probably worthwhile, said Daniel McCurry, associate professor of civil and environmental engineering at USC and one of the study’s authors. … ” Read more from the LA Times.
In commentary this week …
Bay-Delta Plan update: Deputizing foxes to protect the chickens
The California Water Impact Network writes, “The State Water Resources Board has released implementation plans for its update to the Bay Delta Water Quality Control Plan – the roadmap that will determine water quality and salinity for the vast Bay-Delta watershed, the source for most of California’s developed water. The plan details implementation procedures for the update’s Voluntary Agreements – protocols that would allow the state’s largest corporate agricultural interests to avoid regulations. It also provides information on a possible regulatory pathway, even though it is well understood the Board will approve the Voluntary Agreements in pro forma fashion. Max Gomberg, a water policy expert and board member of the California Water Impact Network (C-WIN), panned the update for evading a primary legal obligation: analyzing economic impacts. “The California water code stipulates that these updates must address economic considerations,” said Gomberg. “This plan explicitly fails to do so, which is further evidence the Board is unwilling to grapple with the economic benefits of leaving more water in our rivers and the economic costs of continuing massive water diversions. Moreover, the lack of economic considerations directly violates the Board’s public trust responsibilities.” … ” Read more from the California Water Impact Network.
California can make climate policy decisions today that address the problems of tomorrow
Letitia Grenier, director of the Public Policy Institute of California Water Policy Center, writes, “In the wake of one of the most consequential elections in American history, California looms large. What occurs here is happening to roughly one in every eight Americans — and what’s happening in California is climate change. The summer of 2024 was the hottest on record globally. Here in California, residents sweltered through the hottest July the state had ever experienced. And one of the most important ways California is experiencing climate change is in its water. The state’s naturally volatile climate is facing whiplash like it’s never seen before. Increasingly intense droughts are being followed by major floods. Snowpack is diminishing, and sea level is rising. Vegetation is drying out, exacerbating severe wildfires that occur earlier than ever each season. Everyone is feeling the effects, though low-income, underserved communities — many of color — are feeling it most acutely. And rising temperatures are driving these changes. … ” Read more at Cal Matters.
Editorial: How California leaders can protect the environment from another Trump administration
The LA Times editorial board writes, “Of the many ways Donald Trump’s return to the White House promises to upend federal policy, few are more predictable or damaging than the U-turn he and his allies threaten to take on climate change and environmental protection. Fortunately, California has considerable power to counter the onslaught. Trump’s first administration rolled back more than 100 regulations on clean air and water, toxic chemicals and wildlife conservation. He called global warming a hoax, pulled out of the Paris climate agreement, shrank national monuments and appointed Environmental Protection Agency administrators who helped polluters at the expense of public health. Many experts believe Trump’s election is a last “nail in the coffin” for efforts to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. He did, after all, urge oil executives to underwrite his latest campaign in exchange for undoing environmental rules. … ” Read more from the LA Times.
Gavin Newsom wants to protect California from Donald Trump — but only if it’s his idea
Opinion writer Tom Philp writes, “Gov. Gavin Newsom is now at his attention-getting zenith as he calls for a special legislative session to thwart the incoming Donald Trump. But it was a very different Newsom who vetoed legislation to protect California from Trump attacks on environmental and labor laws just five years ago. Newsom was so against what he is now all but demanding that he renounced the Democratic lawmaking at the time as “a solution in search of a problem.” Opinion This about-face is a notable reminder of Newsom’s two very different personas: There is the publicity-seeking side of the governor, which is now on full display in all its glory. Call him Performative Gavin. And then there is the Newsom known for diving head-first into the sausage-making in Sacramento to grind out real progress, confronting messy compromises along the way. This is Governing Gavin. There is no greater example that has revealed the two Newsoms than one of California’s most contentious issues: Water. … ” Continue reading at the Sacramento Bee.
How three Trump policy decrees could affect California’s agricultural industry
Dan Walters writes, “Voters in California’s farm belt, stretching more than 400 miles from Kern County on the south to Tehama County on the north, delivered solid majorities for Donald Trump in this month’s presidential election. They were obviously outvoted in heavily populated coastal and urban counties, so rival Kamala Harris claimed the state’s 54 electoral votes. However, it is Trump who will be moving into the White House, and of all California economic sectors, agriculture arguably has the most to gain or lose during his second presidency. There are three policy issues particularly important to California’s farmers that Trump wants to change. If he does what he has promised, one might benefit the industry and two might damage it. The beneficial change is what California Farm Bureau President Shannon Douglas, in a post-election statement, calls “securing a sustainable water supply.” … ” Read more from Cal Matters.
Rightward shift to impact Western ag, water
Dan Keppen, Family Farm Alliance, writes, “President-elect Donald Trump, alongside Vice President-elect J.D. Vance, secured a decisive victory with an electoral college result of 312-226. Trump is the first Republican since George W. Bush in 2004 to win the popular vote. The administration is actively filling Cabinet positions and White House roles, with key appointees such as North Dakota Governor Doug Burgum, who has been tapped as the next Secretary of Interior. This leadership is expected to set a new conservative tone, particularly impacting policies on energy, the environment, and federal regulatory oversight. The Alliance will closely monitor opportunities to improve the climate for Western irrigated agriculture. … ” Read more from the Western Farm Press.
In regional water news this week …
Salmon are ‘coming home’ to spawn in Klamath River after dams are removed
“A giant female Chinook salmon flips on her side in the shallow water and wriggles wildly, using her tail to carve out a nest in the riverbed as her body glistens in the sunlight. In another moment, males butt into each other as they jockey for a good position to fertilize eggs. These are scenes local tribes have dreamed of seeing for decades as they fought to bring down four hydroelectric dams blocking passage for struggling salmon along more than 400 miles (644km) of the Klamath River and its tributaries along the Oregon-California border. Now, less than a month after those dams came down in the largest dam removal project in US history, salmon are once more returning to spawn in cool creeks that have been cut off to them for generations. Video shot by the Yurok Tribe show that hundreds of salmon have made it to tributaries between the former Iron Gate and Copco dams, a hopeful sign for the newly freed waterway. … ” Read more from The Guardian.
‘Milestone for Lake Tahoe’: Major cleanup effort complete
“Several miles of century-old lead-lined telephone cables laid along the bottom of Lake Tahoe, feared by many locals to have leached toxic chemicals into the water, have been removed. News of the removal came Thursday afternoon from the League to Save Lake Tahoe, a nonprofit conservation group that helped coordinate the effort in partnership with telecommunications giant AT&T, which is believed to have owned the cables in question. AT&T confirmed to the Chronicle via email that the cables had been removed. “This is a major milestone for Lake Tahoe,” said League to Save Lake Tahoe Chief Strategy Officer Jesse Patterson, in an announcement. … ” Read more from the San Francisco Chronicle.
Officials successfully remove 17 acres of destructive plant wreaking havoc on iconic US lake: ‘This marks an exciting step’
“An infestation of aquatic invasive plants has threatened the famously blue waters of Lake Tahoe, but officials have announced that Phase 1 of a project targeting the weeds was a success. As detailed by the Mountain Democrat, a joint effort under the Taylor and Tallac Ecosystem Restoration initiative successfully treated 17 acres of invasive weeds in the Taylor and Tallac creeks and marshes in South Lake Tahoe. In early October, when Lake Tahoe Environmental Improvement Program officials checked the aquatic plants’ roots underneath sunlight-depriving barriers — placed two years ago — they found that both the roots and above-ground growth were dead. “This marks an exciting step in the ultimate restoration of this invaluable habitat,” Tahoe Regional Planning Agency Aquatic Invasive Species Program Manager Dennis Zabaglo told the Mountain Democrat. “This is one of the basin’s largest wetlands and its restoration is a cornerstone of the collaborative work to restore the Lake Tahoe region.” … ” Read more from The Cool Down.
How the arrival of an endangered bird indicates what’s possible for the L.A. River
“Along a gentle bend of the Los Angeles River, in a stretch of land called Taylor Yard, a sound like a high-pitched record scratch can just be heard above the cacophony of city life. This is the call of the least Bell’s vireo, an olive-gray songbird that is only five inches from tip to tail. The riparian species native to Southern California has lived an endangered existence for more than 40 years. Now, the small bird’s return here symbolizes a new future for one of the country’s most maligned waterways. Before the concrete tide of urbanization washed over the Los Angeles River Basin, the river-fed wetland that was here represented the perfect habitat for this rare species. But for the past century, this area was one of the largest rail yards in the region, and as an expanding city grew right up to the river’s now concrete-laden banks, the vireo all but disappeared. Until, suddenly, it returned. The 2007 creation of Rio de Los Angeles State Park, which is itself part of the sprawling rail yard, set the stage. … ” Read more from Smithsonian.
Environmental watchdog sues Union Pacific for allegedly polluting LA County waterways
“Union Pacific Railroad allegedly failed to implement adequate pollution control at four industrial sites in Los Angeles County, resulting in the discharge of hazardous materials into creeks and rivers flowing into Long Beach Harbor and the San Pedro Bay, according to a lawsuit by Los Angeles Waterkeeper. The nonprofit water watchdog filed the suit Monday, Nov. 18, in U.S. District Court seeking an injunction and unspecified damages against Union Pacific for violating the Clean Water Act and provisions of its stormwater permit at two industrial facilities in Long Beach, and one each in the City of Industry and Santa Fe Springs since September 2019. Contacted Wednesday by the Southern California News Group, Waterkeeper Associate Director Kelly Shannon McNeil said the organization could not comment on active litigation. … ” Read more from the LA Daily News.
Battle over clean water in Southern California pits inland against the coast
“The number was, and is, eye-opening: $10.8 billion. That’s an estimate issued by city leaders in San Bernardino County for how much their taxpayers might have to pay, over the next two decades, to meet possible new standards for cleaning the water that flows out of their streets and yards and farms and into the culverts, creeks and tributaries connected to the Santa Ana River Watershed, a stretch that includes much of San Bernardino, Orange and Riverside counties. Leaders from 17 cities and agencies in San Bernardino County made that $10.8 billion claim during a public hearing in September, in Cypress, that involved representatives from all three counties. Their estimate was part of a broader negotiation over the details of the region’s next MS4 permit, a federally mandated document that will set limits on how much pollution can legally flow into local waters and, by extension, the ocean. … ” Read more from the OC Register (gift article).
Announcements, notices, and funding opportunities …
NOW AVAILABLE: Final Delta Grand Challenges Essay
NOW AVAILABLE: Decision-making under Deep Uncertainty summary and synthesis
YOUR INPUT WANTED: Delta Adapts Draft Adaptation Plan
